Beware! 10 Things That Can Make You Fail Finals

Beware! 10 Things That Can Make You Fail Finals Finals are the necessary evil of your college experience. Like a bad roommate, they seem like all their good for is ruining your sleep, stressing you out, and making it impossible to do anything fun. The problem is, if you’re not proactive about kicking your finals in the butt, they’re going to get you first. The best way to succeed at finals is the rule know your enemy. Find out the ways that you can end up being unprepared for your finals – and work on a strategy of avoiding these things and nailing your final exams like a pro. Bad Sleep Many students study for a test the night before and most of them dont do that effectively. If you’re up all night playing Call of Duty, seven days a week, you’re setting yourself up for failure. Not only is it bad for your study habits (unless you’re studying for your â€Å"21st Century Weaponry† course), but it’s taxing for your brain. Be smart and leave your late-night shooting sessions for after finals week. Tip: Try to get a really good night’s rest at least 2 nights before your exam. Get at least 6 hours of sleep the night before the big day. Choose the best time to study for finals. Bad Food You’re trying to keep your whole system going on just Red Bull and pizza? You’re setting yourself up for a fall. High calorie, low-nutrient foods like these make it more difficult for your neurons to fire, which means that you’re not thinking as well as you could be. Do your brain a favor and eat brain-boosting food before exam. Tip: Eat protein-rich food before exam. Include eggs, nuts, yogurt, milk and whole-grain cereal in your pre-exam breakfast and you will feel increase in energy and brain activity. Bad Friends Anyone who is coming around your apartment during finals week and being loud and obnoxious is not really your friend. You need to eliminate all the excess noise, commotion, and stress while you’re trying to prep for these important tests and projects. Tip:Tell your insensitive friends to take a hike – until the week is over. Avoid people who are too nervous about finals dont let them making you nervous as well. Remember that solitude and quite music is better than loud company and destructive, negative mood of your roommate before exams. Bad Media Every time you sit down to write that final paper, what do you end up doing for hours? Probably, Facebook, Twitter, or online videos of some sort. These will undermine your chance for success, mostly because it is so easy to waste hours of vital prep time on them. Tip: Turn off your social media with an app like AntiSocial. Bad Studying Are you spinning your wheels highlighting frantically and trying to rote memorize historical dates? Research shows that highlighting alone is not effective for gathering information, especially during short-term cram sessions. Tip: Study smarter by skimming texts, creating interactive memory banks, or putting your information to music. Bad Cheating If you’re stressed out and unprepared, cheating might look like an awfully good idea. Cheating is a high-risk, low-reward activity that might get you flunked out of your class or out of your college for good. Tip: Instead of cheating, take some time and buckle down to your studies. You’ll learn more and be able to actually finish your degree. Bad Relationships Does it seem like your significant other starts to get pouty around finals week? Do you get into more arguments when he or she feels like you’re spending too much time studying? This person, while undeniably hot, is not good for you during finals week. Tip: Talk to them ahead of time and explain how important it is for you to focus. If they throw a fit, maybe it’s time to take a break – they clearly don’t have your best interests in mind. Bad Teachers Rarely, you’ll get a teacher who is just no good. This person might not know the material, or they may just give you a final that has nothing to do with the coursework they’ve been presenting for the past 3 months. Tip: If you get a test that is completely out of the ballpark (or that is poorly written, communicated, or graded), don’t be afraid to go to your counselor and the department chair. It’s likely that the teacher is tanking many more students and needs to be reprimanded. Bad Attendance There is a small group of students who think that they are so smart, they don’t really need to show up for class in order to get a good final grade. Not true. Many colleges actually factor your attendance into your final grade. And, there are often many questions on the final that come directly from the lectures. Tip: Make sure you’re there every chance you get so you have a better chance of acing the exam. Bad Anxiety Nothing tanks your finals score like feeling you’re going to fail. If you have test-taking anxiety issues, it’s likely you will freeze up during the test. Tip: Consider some positive affirmations or stress-relieving activities beforehand. Also, talk with your teacher about possible alternative settings or options so that you don’t freeze during the exam. Have any other tips or suggestions? Go ahead and share them in the comments below!

A Report For The Child Protection Cases Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Report For The Child Protection Cases Social Work Essay Essay Example A Report For The Child Protection Cases Social Work Essay Essay A Report For The Child Protection Cases Social Work Essay Essay This study is prepared for the usage of a Child Protection Case Conference for the five members of the Jones household. The Jones household consists of Mark ( 25 ) And Sue ( 21 ) and their three kids John ( 6 ) , Emma ( 4 ) and David who is merely 3 hebdomads old. The conference is being held to see the extent to which the demands of John, Emma and David are being met, as besides the hazards to which they are exposed. With the Child Protection Conference being a meeting between the parents of kids and the people from different bureaus who know the household, this study aims to supply a brief item of the household scenario and a brooding commentary on the household fortunes, appropriately supported by the theoretical and practical cognition of the writer on the hazards faced by the kids and the model chosen for such hazard appraisal. The appendix to this study provides inside informations about the household scenario and can be accessed by users of this study. To province really briefly, the Jones household has three kids. John, the eldest kid suffers from address holds and is exhibiting behavioral troubles at place and school. He demands single attending and has inclinations for unmanageable choler and physical force with kids every bit good as adults. He has besides exhibited delinquent behavior and has been reported for daze lifting. Emma, the 2nd kid is good natured, loves traveling to school, has been assessed to be developmentally advanced and loves her male parent. David, the freshly born is a premature kid and is non in the best of wellness. It is hard to feed him and he cries frequently. Mark Jones the male parent has a history of young person offense, condemnable behavior and domestic maltreatment. He has grown up in hapless societal and economic fortunes and is now working as a driver of heavy vehicles , a occupation that frequently keeps him off from place. Sue the female parent, had her foremost kid when she was 15 and suffered from station natal depression. Not in the best of wellness and holding suffered from domestic maltreatment, she finds it hard to take attention of her three kids. Whilst she comes from an flush background, she has small contact with her parents, who disapprove of Mark. Caring and protecting kids is now at the really nucleus of the societal work system of the UK ( Cleaver, 2004, p 14 ) . Whilst the importance of protecting, fostering and alimentary kids and the demand to supply them with appropriate environments for accomplishment of physical, emotional and mental development has ever been felt to be of import by policy shapers in the UK, a figure of episodes that have taken topographic point over the old ages show that kids continue to be exposed to assorted unsafe and need suitable protection. The deceases of Victoria Climbie and Aliyah Ismail in 2000 and 1998 ( BBC News, 2005, p 1 ) created tremendous media tumult and public indignation and led to legion legal and policy steps that aimed to protect and safeguard kids ( Norton, 1999, p 1 ) . The recent deceases of Baby Peter and Khyra Ishaq, who died in awful fortunes, the first on history of force at the place ( Duncan, et Al, 2008, p 1 ) and the 2nd from famishment, revealed that kids continue t o be in danger and in demand of protection and safety, both in and out of their families ( Carter, 2010, p 1 ) . Appendix 2 provides dismaying inside informations on a figure of kids who experienced force that resulted in serious hurt and even decease. I have, in these fortunes tried to synthesize the assorted legal and policy steps that are available in the UK for protection and safety of kids every bit good as appraisal of the hazards to which they are exposed, for the consideration of the Child Protection Conference on the demands of the kids of the Jones Family. The legislative model for kid protection in England and Wales is provided by the Children Act 1989, farther amended by the Children Act 2004 ( NSPCC, 2010b, p 4 ) . The act defines injury as sick intervention or damage of physical or mental wellness or physical, emotional, societal, rational or behavioral development. The act besides enshrines of import rules. The paramountcy rule implies that the kid s public assistance should be paramount for determinations on his or her upbringing. The wants and feelings of kids should besides be ascertained before the passing of any order ( NSPCC, 2010b, p 4 ) . All attempts should be made for saving of the place and household links of kids. The jurisprudence besides underlines the importance of parental duty in the conveying up of kids ( NSPCC, 2010b, p 4 ) . A figure of other Acts of the Apostless like the Children and Young Persons Act 2008 and the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 and the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 besides lay down the jurisprudence on protection of kids in different fortunes ( NSPCC, 2010b, p 4 ) . Apart from extended statute law for safeguarding and protecting kids, the authorities has introduced a series of policy steps after the decease of Victoria Climbie and the publication of the Laming Report in 2003 ( Department of Health, 2003, p 7 ) . The Every Child Matters Programme inside informations governmental policy for guaranting the safety, nourishment, growing and development of all kids in the state ( Department for EducationaˆÂ ¦ , 2005, p 4 ) . The counsel Working Together to Safeguard Children: a Guide to Inter-Agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children defines kid maltreatment and neglect and provides counsel on the action that bureaus should take to protect kids. The Framework for the Assessment of Children in demand and their Families provides counsel to professionals to place kids in demand and determine the best possible ways of assisting such kids and their households ( NSPCC, 2010a, p 3 ) . The kids in the Jones household are being presently challenged by hard fortunes. Mark, the male parent has a occupation that keeps him off from place for long periods and he is therefore non truly able to assist in family work or conveying up the kids, except by fiscal support. He has a history of criminalism and domestic force. Even though it should be considered that he is undergoing an choler direction programme in order to get the better of his emotional instability. Sue, the female parent is merely 21 and has already had three kids. She besides has a history of station natal depression, which could perchance come up once more after the birth of David, the youngest kid who is non even a month old. Coming from an flush household, with whom she is estranged for some old ages, she is evidently fresh to the really hard household fortunes in which she is placed and the duties of a female parent of three kids. The opportunities of all three kids being neglected is really high in these fortunes, where the male parent is non at place most of the clip and is seeking to get the better of his emotional instability and aggressive behavior and the female parent is prone to depression, physically tired and worn out and has been burdened with the duties of caring for and conveying up three immature kids. The three kids in the household face the existent danger of physical and emotional disregard. Such disregard could specifically harm their physical, emotional and cognitive well-being and development, affect their public presentation at school, expose them to dangers of under nutriment and unwellness and badly impact their life opportunities ( Howe, 2005, p 31 ) . Neglected kids are besides more prone to truant behavior and substance maltreatment. John the eldest kid already suffers from address jobs, fond regard upsets, attending seeking behavioral jobs, uncontrolled choler and inclinations for force. Such a state of affairs could hold arisen because of attending shortages in his early childhood old ages and greater attending being given to his younger sister by his male parent. John now poses a serious physical menace to his two younger siblings because of his fury and violent temperament. Emma and David are unfastened to the hazards of disregard, every bit good as physical injury. Whilst Emma is the front-runner of the household and portions really good relationships with her parents and may non hence be exposed to pretermit, the status of the youngest kid David is unstable. A premature kid who is given to enduring from colic, David needs excess attention, support and nutriment, which may clearly be beyond the ability and capacity of Sue, in her frame physical status and her history of station natal depression. Apart from disregard, which could harm her physical and emotional development at a important period in her life, he besides faces the menace of physical force from John, who can good ache him severely in a tantrum of fury, if his demands for attending are non met. I feel it to be really obvious that the three kids in the Jones household are at considerable hazard, all three from disregard and the younger two besides from force. The GIRFEC ( acquiring it right for every kid ) theoretical account provides a new attack for designation and meeting of demands of kids. The theoretical account places the well-being of kids and provides a common model for appraisal, planning and intercession across all bureaus ( Lamey A ; Rattray, 2009, p 2 ) . Whilst the GIRFEC is a comprehensive theoretical account, it is specifically focused on taking the whole kid attack, puting the kid at the Centre and maintaining kids emotionally and physically safe. Its scope is therefore broader than mere child protection ( Lamey A ; Rattray, 2009, p 2 ) . It adopts a holistic position and an grounds based attack, wherein the engagement and sentiments of the kid and parents are of import for good results. The theoretical account has three of import constituents, viz. the We llbeing Indicators, My Word Triangle and the Resilience Matrix, which can be used both individually and together for happening the best solution for kids in demand ( Lamey A ; Rattray, 2009, p 2 ) . The My Word Triangle in peculiar provides counsel to societal workers on what kids need from people who look after them. These include ( a ) everyday attention and aid, ( B ) maintaining the kid safe and ( degree Celsius ) being there for the kid. These three issues are specifically of import for sing the fortunes of the three kids of the Jones household ( Lamey A ; Rattray, 2009, p 2 ) . 4. Drumhead and Decision This study has been prepared for the Child Protection Case Conference to see the demands of the kids of the Jones household, the extent to which they are being met and what more demands to be done to guarantee the safety, development and growing of these kids. Appraisal of hazard and guaranting safety of kids is a critical component of current societal work theory and pattern in the UK. Extant statute law and programmes call upon societal workers and other concerned bureaus like the instruction and wellness services to work in close cooperation and coaction with each other to guarantee the safety and protection of kids in demand and at hazard with the aid of specific appraisal models, tools and procedures. An application of the GIRFEC theoretical account reveals that the kids of the Jones household could confront troubles on history of their parents non being able to supply equal mundane attention and aid, maintaining them safe and being at that place to guarantee their physical and emotional attention. These fortunes become more baleful in visible radiation of the female parents frail wellness and past history of station natal depression, the frequent absence of the male parent from place on history of his work and the violent inclinations and behavioral jobs of the eldest kid. The conference must see all these fortunes in order to suitably measure the demands of the kids and the extent to which they are being met and thenceforth to be after for appropriate interventionist action. Bibliography BBC News, 2005, Climbie study impulses childcare reform , Available at: news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in /uk/ /victoria_climbie /default.stm ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Birchall A ; Hallett, C. , 1995, Working together in Child Protection, London: HMSO. Bodley, A. , Risk Assessment and Child Protection , Creative Minds, Available at: www.mylearning.org/learning/science /Child % 20Protection.pdf ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Brandon, M. , Howe, H. , Dagley, V. , Salter, C. , Warren, C. , 2006, What appears to be assisting or impeding Practitioners in Implementing the common appraisal Framework and lead , Professional working Child maltreatment Review, 15: 395-413. Carter, H. , 2010, The calamity of Khyra Ishaq s decease , Available at: www.guardian.co.uk/ /khyra-ishaq-starving-death-background ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Cleaver, H. , A ; Walker, S. , 2004, Measuring kids s demands and Fortunes, London: Jessica Kingsley. Department of Health, 2000, Measuring kids in demand and their households: pattern guidelines, London: the Stationery office. Department of Health, 2003, The Victoria Climbie Inquiry study of an enquiry by Lord Laming , Available at: www.dh.gov.uk aˆ?A HomeA aˆ?A Publications ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Department for Education and accomplishments, 2005, Every Child Matters, Green paper London: HMSO Duncan, C. , Jones, S. , A ; Brindle, D. , 2008, 50 hurts, 60 visits failures that led to the decease of Baby P , The Guardian, Available at: www.guardian.co.uk/ /baby-p-child-protection-haringey ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Ferguson, H. , 2004, Protecting kids in Time: kid maltreatment, Child Protection and Consequences of Modernity, London: Palgrave McMillan. Howe, D. , 2005, Child Abuse and Neglect: Attachment, Development and Intervention, London: Palgrave Macmillan. Lamey, R. , A ; Rattray, M. , 2009, The Shetland Guide to GIRFEC , GIRFEC Project Team, Available at: www.shetland.gov.uk/socialwork-health/ /1GuidetoGIRFEC.pdf ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Norton, C. , 1999, The sad life, inexorable decease and awful treachery of Aliyah, 13 , independent.co.uk, Available at: www.independent.co.uk aˆ?A NewsA aˆ?A UKA aˆ?A Home News ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . NSPCC, 2010a, The kid protection system in the UK , National Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Children, Available at: www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/ /child_protection_system_wdf76008.pdf ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . NSPCC, 2010b, An debut to child protection statute law in the UK , National Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Children, Available at: www.nspcc.org.uk/ /child_protection_legislation_in_the_uk_pdf_wdf48953.pdf ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Unity Injustice, 2005, A Child Protection System so secret it Kill s , Available at: www.unity-injustice.co.uk/child_victims.htm ( accessed February 28, 2011 ) . Wilson, K. , A ; James, A. , 2007, The kid Protection Handbook, London: Bailliere Tindall Ward, H. , 1998, Using a Child development Model to measure the results of Social Work Interventions with Families , Children and Society, 12 ( 3 ) : 202-211. Appendixs Appendix 1 Child Protection Case Conference Based on the Jones Scenario. ( To see to what extent the demands of John, Emma and David are being met ) . The Jones Family: background January 2010 The Jones household late moved out of a council level in metropolis to little town rural country. They are fighting to pay the mortgage on their two sleeping rooms level. There is no outside drama country, and the level is accessed via outside stepss. Mark Dad- 25 old ages old. Mark has a condemnable record as a young person wrongdoer. He has a history of domestic maltreatment and is set abouting an anger direction plan. He is employed as an HGV driver. He has a big drawn-out household. Mark s background is working category with hapless socio-economic fortunes. Sue Florists chrysanthemum 21years old. At age 15 Sue had postpartum depression which was non recognized. She has a hapless relationship with her ain parents. They are really flush ; Sue s female parent continually expressed her letdown in Sue when she was turning up and does non O.K. of her relationship with Mark. Sue has neer worked she is pregnant with her 3rd kid. John Son ( of Mark and Sue ) 6 old ages old John has terrible fond regard issues. He is exhibiting behavioral troubles and has a important address hold. He has been identified as necessitating Additional Support for Learning. Emma Daughter ( of Mark and Sue ) 4 old ages old Emma is the favoured kid. She is an easy kid to care for and loves traveling to the babys room where it has been noted that she is developmentally advanced. She has a really good relationship with her pa. The Scenario: sequence of events Scenario January 2010 John starts at the local primary holding transferred from a big school in the metropolis. He is in a composite category of 5 and 6 twelvemonth olds and he is one of the oldest. John has a important address hold. March 2010 Records for John have been requested from his old school but have still to get. Meanwhile, his instructor, Mrs Smith is holding trouble pull offing John s behavior. He is really demanding of single attending and if this is non forthcoming he becomes really angry. He throws things around the schoolroom and over the past two hebdomads has hit three younger kids. He has besides kicked his instructor. He has been reported for shrinkage and has been grounded by his parents for bad behavior. His choler is exacerbated because he has trouble in pass oning. Extra information April 2010 David was born prematurely last month, and was little for gestational age. He is hard to feed and is really flatulent. He cries a batch and is now 3 hebdomads old. Following the birth of David, Mary the wellness visitant has visited the household place to offer support and advice to Sue. Sue present as tired, level and listless. The house is disorganised. Sue tells Mary that David is a truly hard babe to feed and that he cries invariably. Mark can non assist as his occupation takes him off from the household place for drawn-out periods of clip. On the rare occasions he is at place, he is tired, cranky and sleeps a batch. The state of affairs in the place is non helped by the changeless demands of John. However Emma is co-operative happy and helps her female parent around the place and with the babe.

Introduction Development Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction Development Economies - Essay Example Inequality in Human Development Index (HDI) is masked in the human development distribution across the population at the country level. The HDI value of Senegal is 0.470. However, when discounted for inequality, the value reduces to 0.315. This equals a loss of 33% as a result of inequality in distribution of indices of dimension. Uganda and Senegal indicate loses as a result of inequality of 34.2% and 33.9% respectively. The average loss resulting from inequality for Sub-Sahara Africa is 35% and 35% for low HDI countries. ii) Over the last two decades, the GII of Senegal has resulted to a loss in human development following the inequality between achievements made by males and females in the three dimensions of GII. Question 2 i) Poverty level in Senegal is high. Over the past 25 years, the GDP per capita has been declining. Citizens of Senegal spent lots of their money on necessities of life, such as food. The UNDP, an organization which classifies countries according to their scor e in the HDI, estimated that 52% of Senegalese household consumption is food unlike in the U.S, where food averages to 8% of household consumption. ... Due to poor land management, Senegal has experienced and degradation, which has been worsening in the recent years. This has, in turn, increased poverty levels in the country. Education, drinking water, medicine, transport and energy are also major problems in some parts of Senegal. Diseases like malaria, AIDS and cholera are widespread in Senegal thus increasing the cost used on medicine. This raises poverty levels of the country. With regard to human resources, Senegal has a high rate of unemployment and under-employment. The ratio of the employed and the unemployed people is one to five. This suggests that there is high dependency rate, which is one of the issues that impact pressure on working individuals whose chances of falling into monetary poverty becomes high. Highest percentage of unemployment is experienced in rural areas which make the youths and active women to migrate to towns. Since illiteracy levels are high in rural areas, people largely rely on Agriculture as their main economic activity which is, unfortunately, prone to natural hazards like drought. Highest rates of unemployment are found among young graduates. Compared to Senegal, poverty levels in Cote d’Ivoire and Uganda are higher. ii) In the recent 20 years, there has been poverty evolution in Senegal whereby the country has been involved in war against poverty. Over the years, the social and economic policies were prepared to put lots of strain in the labor market, education and health structures, urbanization and low and erratic economic growth. The state has been ensuring that the microeconomic framework is stable by reducing external imbalance and containing public deficit with the aim of raising the living standards of the citizens. There has been trade

Impacts Of Conversion Of Tropical Forests To Small-Scale Agriculture Essay

Impacts Of Conversion Of Tropical Forests To Small-Scale Agriculture - Essay Example From a biologist perspective, tropical forests are the richest and most exciting areas on earth sheltering a diverse wildlife. Tropical forests are differentiated from another type of forests due to their gigantic trees amazingly diverse fauna of colorful birds, millions of brightly hued insects, and a variety of fascinating mammals. It is widely accepted that tropical lowland forests are the most species-rich type of terrestrial ecosystem, for example, a hectare of Malaysian tropical rainforest may contain 180 kinds of trees. Tropical rainforests are generally concentrated near the equator in Asia, Africa, South America, Central America, and on many of the Pacific Islands. According to WWF’s biome classification, tropical rain forests are considered a type of tropical wet forest and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests. All five layers of tropical rainforests i.e. emergent layer, canopy layer, understory layer, shrub layer, and forest floor are enriched with different plants and animals. Tropical deforestation, desertification, decreasing biodiversity, climate change and the scarcity of fresh water are issues of recent global conflict. This paper makes a conclusion that tropical forests are the richest and most exciting areas on earth sheltering a diverse wildlife. Small-scale agricultural practices, though considered safe by many scientists and ecologists, have been proved to be having detrimental effects on the health of tropical forests. These agricultural practices are facing the burden of huge population growth and unhealthy practices.

Non Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Non - Case Study Example Mary and Sally fulfilled the terms laid out on the contract with regards to the payment of purchase price clause. The Purchaser was to pay monthly installments on the first day of every month. Up to the point of Mary contacting the Seller on the need to terminate the contract, the Purchaser had made all payments as laid out up to that point. The purchaser has fulfilled all her contract negotiations. John, the Seller, violated the building code of the city. Sally fell down the stairs to the basement and the lack of the railings might have aggravated the situation. John had a duty to comply with the terms laid out on the building code and failure to do this is a tort which the specific element being failure to practice a duty (Schlanger& Spaulding, 1). John, being the seller in the contract also breached the terms of the contract which is also a tort (Schlanger& Spaulding, 1). The contract specifically mentioned that the Purchaser can terminate the contract during the first five years if no longer able to live due to a need to move to a nursing home. Sally is a Purchaser and she has a need to move to a nursing home. Mary notified John the need and even offered the doctor’s letter as proof. John forcing Mary to pay for an extra month was wrong. Mary is therefore in a position to take John to court on accounts of breach of contract and on negligence of duty (Schlanger& Spaul ding, 1). The only additional information required would be the contract the Seller and the Purchaser signed did not clearly indicate the period which the Purchaser need to give the notice to the Seller with regards to the termination. This is a crucial piece of information that is missing. On signing the M & S contract, John as the Seller and Mary and Sally as the Purchasers agreed to the terms set out on the contract. John needs to understand that the terms on the contract are binding. Mary is acting within her rights by notifying John on her need

How Liberalism ideology relates to social work

How Liberalism ideology relates to social work How Liberalism ideology relates to social work practice The history and influence of Liberalism is a complex issue, and understanding social work practice involves penetrating a vast nexus of theoretical and practical socio-political factors. Nevertheless, addressing the specific question of how Liberalism relates to social work practice reveals important and distinct points for discussion. In this essay I will outline the historical developments of Liberalism and highlight the core beliefs and how they influence social work. I aim to argue that exposing the liberal ideological values inherent in social work opens up latent tensions to debate. The tensions in liberal political theory and the concomitant problems for social work don’t call for abandonment of Liberalism ideology because it has as its basis the appropriate capacity for renewal. These debates should stimulate reappraisal and reform and increase our capacity to influence the social, political and economic determinants of social care. This can be achieved due to not in spite of the underlying principles of Liberalism. The historical development of Liberalism While the editors of the Spanish Constitution in 1812 were the first to use the noun liberal in a political sense, the war of independence in America established the first nation to craft a constitution based on Liberalism. This new creed originated in the political philosophy of the previous three hundred years. Liberalism emerged from the breakdown of feudalism, the growth of market capitalism and the rise of the middle class. Liberals sought to expose the immorality of authoritarianism and limit government powers in order to safeguard civil liberties. Where early Liberals sought total non-intervention, modern liberals endorse involved governance on issues such as welfare, education and healthcare. This has led to a split between the early classical Liberalism and the modern form which dominates contemporary politics today. Nevertheless, classical and modern Liberalism share core beliefs which point to underlying principles. These principles perpetuate every aspect of contemporary life in Western political systems. Ideas such as individualism, tolerance and economic freedom are central to the western political ideology of our times. The core beliefs of Liberalism ‘As political beings it is our business to free human life from as many as possible of its difficulties’ (Mill Principles of political philosophy in collected works II p.943) Liberalism holds that individuals are the locus of moral consideration, and securing individual freedom is paramount. An extreme form of liberal individualism; atomism holds that the individual is central to socio-political theory or practice, ontologically prior to society, egotistic, self seeking and self reliant. Modern Liberalism has a more optimistic bent in its understanding of social responsibility and mutual respect. Political Liberalism stresses the social contract[1], under which citizens make the laws and agree to abide by those laws. It is based on the belief that individuals know best what is best for them. This is the characteristic theme of liberal ideology, and ideas of justice and freedom stem from the primacy of the individual. Rationalism[2] greatly influenced the liberal concept of an individual. The idea of a rational man was an important precursor to social non-intervention, as the rational man is capable of defining and pursuing his own path in society, rendering the idea of a paternal government unnecessary. Modern liberals appreciate the inequality of self reliance and seek to strike a balance between intervention and decentralisation. The emphasis on and openness to reason in liberal societies emanates from the many dichotomies at its heart: On one hand natural man is seen as rational and socially conscious, while on the other egotistic and selfish. One the one hand men are capable on the other needy. This tension in Liberalism is reflected by the fact that is has met with discussion, debate and argument since its inception. A willingness to offer reasoned explanations for its theories is central to liberal ideology. Liberalism favours neutral government, in that it is not for the state to determine personal values. As John Rawls put it in his Theory of Justice, ‘The state has no right to determine a particular conception of the good life’ (Rawls 1999). The idea of the good life has been used in political philosophy to denote a course of action the rational man takes when in favourable political circumstances. Rawls argues that liberal governments should provide these favourable conditions but never attempt to dictate how citizens should go about the acquisition of happiness. This idea of neutrality is closely connected to tolerance, and in particular the willingness to celebrate political and religious diversity. Since the developments in economics in the late 18th century Liberals have stressed the importance of a free markets, and seek to limit government intervention in domestic economy and foreign trade. In Andrew Heywood’s words the attraction of classical economics to liberal ideology ‘was that, although each individual is materially self-interested, the economy itself is though to operate according to a set of impersonal pressures – market forces – that tend naturally to promote economic prosperity and well being.’ (Heywood 1987) Modern liberals support government responsibility for health, education, and alleviating poverty yet still call for a market based on independent exchange and tend to believe in decentralisation. The central tenets of modern Liberalism are the primacy of the individual, freedom, tolerance, a commitment to reason and debate, and a free-market economy. Liberalism is egalitarian; based on principles of democracy, classlessness, equality and openness, and is antonymous to oppressive and tyrannical authoritarianism. Liberalism advocates civil rights for all citizens: establishing justice though the protection and privileges of personal liberty. It includes the equal treatment of all citizens irrespective of race, gender and class. These core beliefs directly influence much of day to day life, but we will focus on the implications for the practice of social work. Social work and Liberal ideology Social work is a discipline involving the application of social theory and research methods to societal problems. It incorporates and uses other social sciences and political philosophy as a means to improve the human condition and positively change society's response to these problems, through understanding and acting upon their causes, solutions and human impacts. What constitutes a social problem? And what constitutes a solution to a social problem? In the western world the answers to these questions stem from governmental policy based on the principles of Liberalism. In a modern liberal society a social problem is one that contradicts the core liberal principles. A solution is that which removes the restrictions to people flourishing. For these reasons ideology implicit in societal interactions effects what we know as social problems and solutions. Poverty and alienation are profound social problems and major causes of suffering in modern society. Taking poverty, Liberalism ideology believes that every individual should have the freedom to succeed economically, and not live in poverty. We have seen already that while early Liberals emphasised non-intervention, modern liberals endorse more involved governance on issues such as welfare. This reflects a central tension in the practical applicability of Liberalism ideology highlighted by Maureen Ramsey in her book what’s wrong with Liberalism? ‘Since both forms of Liberalism endorse private ownership, the economic redistribution required to tackle poverty will inevitable infringe particular individual rights to liberty’ (1997, pg66). The emphasis on individual liberty and progress at the heart of liberal capitalist economies has been accused of perpetuating this tension. Furthermore, welfare as a concept contradicts the moral neutrality that is central to the pr inciple of tolerance in Liberalism. By providing a range of services designed to bring about the public good the state is making judgements about what is good, beyond the self seeking satisfaction of subjective desires. This leads Ramsey to conclude that ‘the provision of welfare [is] at odds with basic liberal assumptions’ (pg, 66). Examples from social work where the right to escape poverty is being restricted could include a daughter being held back from going to school to work for her parents, or a wife not being permitted to work. Social workers’ ability to address these problems is influenced by the traditional liberal distinction between the public and the private spheres by which liberal governments should only function in the public sphere, excluding the activities of family life. Modern liberals attempt to strike a balance between intervention and non intervention. However, because of the tensions concerning the private sphere, political neutrality and accountability, this balance remains problematic. Many agree with Pateman that these restrictions render care ineffective and the areas of social work that can deal with poverty are too limited.[3] ‘Precisely because Liberalism conceptualises civil society in abstraction from ascriptive domestic life, the latter remains forgotten.’ (Pa teman, 1987 p. 107) The liberal legacy of limited intervention and reason has resulted in an often debilitating caution concerning social work, even in the more extreme areas of its application. Taking the examples of ‘baby p’ and Victoria Climbià © the social services have been accused of being too optimistic about the intentions of citizens and missing the signs that could have helped them avoid such awful tragedies.[4] However, intuitions support the distance between the private and the public spheres. The idea of children being taken away from their parents is invariably seen as a last resort, a relaxation of this attitude may have saved many children, but it may also create other awful situations in which children are taken away from good families. It would demand more care and attention to complex detail than necessary for our purposes here to question the role of political ideology in these terrible events. Alienation is another complicated issue facing modern liberal society. Liberal ideology does not have a core belief connected with the negativity of isolation because of an understanding of human nature that emphasises the priority of the individual. This is often seen as a deficiency as many hold that the intuitions constructed by Liberalism have produced a situation where individuals have shallower relations with other people than they would normally. This, it is argued, leads to difficulties in understanding and adapting to each other's uniqueness. This points to another of the tensions within Liberalism: it promotes tolerance but through its emphasis on individual freedom encourages isolation. Many sociologists are concerned about the alienating effects of modernization, describing how relationships become mediated through money because economic freedom is considered an essential element of individual liberty. This has also been accused of contributing to the loss of primary relationships such as familial bonds in favour of goal oriented secondary relationships. The concepts of the private sphere, individual freedom, tolerance and political neutrality greatly affect what we deem to be within the role of a social worker. The balance between intervention and personal freedom rests as precariously now as any time since Mill. Free market capitalism is at its weakest in decades, giving new impetus to the charge that economic Liberalism is guilty of creating a more selfish society where the pursuit of personal wealth is more destructive that constructive. Is liberal ideology repressive? Liberalism is accused of repressing positive aspects of human nature. To call Liberal ideology repressive though, is extreme. Liberalism allows for repressive forces to emerge due to its emphasis on individual liberty and freedom of speech and thought, but allowing repressive tendencies to emerge is not adhering to them, and liberal societies should not be blamed for the emergence of alternative ideologies within them. Social and corporate responsibility are genuine possibilities in liberal society and are prevalent in modern liberal theory. There are problems with Liberalism, but I suggest they do not serve as aspects of a repressive ideology. We ought to remember that Liberalism emerged from the compassionate desire to eradicate authoritarian rule in order to secure freedom for every man. This is a noble aspiration with compassion for all at its core. As industrialisation and free market economies took over, the role of welfare in liberal states became important because of the same aspirations, to help every single person in a society. The change from non-intervention to intervention evidences the claim that ideologies have to adapt to contexts, and this is where Liberalism has a unique quality, a profound capacity for renewal. The classic versus modern Liberalism debate could only occur in the climate of discussion debate and argument that defined the rationalist movement. The tensions in Liberalism were inherited from this theoretical foundation and have maintained their capacity for renewal. The tensions in Liberali sm reflect the scope for continual reappraisal, it is not dogmatic, and is open to public scrutiny through the democratic process. Challenges are being made and listened to within liberal society. For example, the Social liberals[5] introduced scepticism concerning the idea of free markets, seeing unrestricted trade as leading to the growth of multi-national corporations and the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of the few, seen as contradicting the intention of liberty for all. These socially responsible tendencies are not entirely new editions to liberal theory and in fact are latent in political Liberalism. While the early Liberals like Locke saw liberty as a natural right, Liberalism has never held that the entitlement to freedom is absolute. In On Liberty ([1859] 1972, p.73) Mill argued that ‘power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community [If it] is to prevent harm from others’. Liberalism emerged as a move away from blind adherence to political dogma based on static views of a divine ordered reality, towards a scientific and compassionate concern for every citizen. To conclude that Liberalism must involve repression is excessive given the underlying desire to stand for the opposite. Conclusion. The practice of social work in modern liberal society rests on liberal principles. By locating the connections between social work and Liberalism ideology, we have seen how practical social knowledge is influenced by liberal philosophical assumptions. These central tenets of Liberalism are liberty, tolerance, and a free-market economy. These core beliefs affect all areas of social life, including social work. The tensions that permeate the practices of liberal governments are present in the field of social work and valuable indicators of the complexity of the issues social workers face. Crucially, they are open to reform. There are deep social problems in liberal society, of which poverty and alienation are paramount. What we can learn from these problems is that if Liberalism will succeed in its aspirations it needs to expand its scope to include more social and corporate responsibility, and a greater understanding of community. The emphasis on the individual, particularly in the economic brand of Liberalism, can repress aspects of human nature that seem central to the compassion and egalitarianism that motivated the creation of liberal theories. If empathy and care are a consequence of our social nature then we need an account of the individual as interdependent, opposed to the atomised individual of classic liberal theory. The tensions in liberal political theory and the concomitant problems for social work don’t call for abandonment of Liberalism ideology because it has as its basis the appropriate mechanisms to progress: democracy and education, the capacity for renewal and the compassionate aspiration to secure freedom. They call for reappraisal and reform. Bibliography Political Ideologies an introduction Heywood, Andrew. Palgrave 1992 Liberalism and modern society Bellamy, Richard. Polity press 1992 What’s wrong with Liberalism Ramsay, Maureen. Leicester University Press 1997 A Theory of Justice revised edition Rawls, John. OUP 1999 After Virtue MacIntyre, Alasdair. Duckworth 1981 Feminist critiques of the public/private dichotomy in Feminism and inequality Phillips A (ed) Blackwell 1987. 1 Footnotes [1] Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan saw the first use of the social contract. [2] In its broadest sense rationalism is any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification. Here it denotes the enlightenment philosophical movement of Hume Kant etc. [3] Such as income assistance and job training/placement. [4] The GMC examined the role of Dr Sabah Al-Zayyat, who examined Baby P two days before his death has been accused of failing to spot his injuries, and three council workers were given written warnings about their actions. Source: Haringey Council Internal Audit Serious Case Review. Haringey Council (2008-11-12). [5] In Britain, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, a group of thinkers known as the social or new liberals who included John Stuart Mill, argued that the poverty and ignorance people lived in made it impossible for freedom and individuality to flourish. They believed that these conditions could be ameliorated only through collective action coordinated by a strong welfare-oriented interventionist state.

Marketing The New Car Brand

In undifferentiated strategy, it is assumed that the market is one great homogeneous unit, with no significant differences between individuals thin that market. 4. 3) Customized approach: Companies overlook customized approach to make brand profitable in market as it is strategy which is adopt to develop for each customer as opposed to each segment. This approach is dominant in market. This approach can make brand different from other car brands by giving the different requirements in assembly line. Undifferentiated marketing would be the best for England SEC.According to Blithe, undifferentiated marketing is about using a ‘scatter gun' approach (2012: 85). In the future plans we will introduce customized approach as well. By adopting this approach we can make our brand different from other car brands by giving the different requirements in assembly line for the manufacture of automobiles. The cars will not be class-leaders, and European models will offer higher standards, but the launch England SEC is at least inoffensive and should offer lots of room. 5. Positioning: Kettle (1997) says that ‘Positioning is the act of designing the company's offering and target customer's minds.Positioning is not what you do to a product; it is what you do to the mind of a prospect (Rise and Trout, 1972). To make our brand compete in racket we have to focus on some positioning strategies. Fig (AAA) According to market survey Renault has positioned their brand up, that creates a vacuum and Geol. can hold that position. As AKA, Haunted, fiat and Citroen will be the main competitors for our England SEC, so in order to penetrate in the market we have to introduce more competitive strategies. Along with providing low price and longest warranty, Geol. has to pay more focus on customer services.Therefore geol. is providing breakdown cover for three years and as geol. exclusive Geol. will provide customers with low premium or can also offer them change in their premium n h eavy months so that customer will attract to buy the car and can offer discount if they make the payment in full as one off payment. This will help Geol. to stand out than other competitors and will help to get more sales and profit. 6. Marketing Mix: The term â€Å"marketing mix† was first coined by Neil Borden, the president of American association in 1953. It is a mixture of several ideas and plans brought forward to promote a particular product and brand.The elements of marketing mix are often called the four As of marketing which are: product price promotion place Fig (AAA) This four up's concept was used in old era when choice was limited with no extra services. But now in this changing consumer marketing services with product are essential which gives rise to 5th P I. E. People. Some commentators added two more As which are physical evidence and processes. For our Geol. England SEC, we have used these 7 As as follow: 6. 1) Product: Product quality and reliability shoul d be in our mind if we are going to capture consumer market.The specification of England SEC is 0-MPH: 12. Sec; Top speed: 1 MPH; Economy: 43. Amps; ICC: 181 g/km; Kerr weight: keg; Engine type: 4 heel drive; Power: EBPP at ramp; Torque: 127 lb. Ft. At ramp; Gearbox: 5- SSP manual. Rupee's automotive fit-and-finish departments certainly don't have anything to fear from this car Our brand Geol. England SEC provides convenience and comfort, reliable performance and long warranty of 7 years to compete main competitor Aka because Ski's unique selling point is its 7-year warranty (business case studies, 2012).The SEC isn't going to threaten Rupee's class-leading family cars – but from EYE. O for a full-sized family car, no one will expect it to. 6. 2) price: Sound pricing decisions are crucial to a successful business and should be considered at both long-term strategic and short-term tactical levels. We priced our brand similar to competitor and Geol. SEC will be EYE that is chea p and affordable for the purchase of a new car. Geol. will be launched as an entry level, for money'. Geol. will providing easy finances and also provide discount to the customers who will pay the balance off in one payment. . 3) Promotion: As people in UK are not aware of our brand Geol., so we will spend a huge amount to promote by participation in automobile exhibitions, advertising on internet, swappers, magazines radio, television and by personal selling leaflets. 6. 4) Place: The place aspect of marketing mix deals with the distribution channel for products and services. In order to control the distribution channel, Geol. at the beginning will generate more automotive dealers so that the car display shops go high and people can easily approach it.We will increase the numbers of directly operated stores in order to get an access to the local markets and will also create a website in order to reserve a place in the e-commerce world. 6. 5) People: This element of marketing mix co vers the front line sales and customer service staff ho will have a direct impact on how your product is perceived. Galleys distributors will not only make their staff well-trained and knowledgeable about the product, but also there will be the right kind of people for the Job. Geol. will consider customer service as top preference. . 6) Physical Evidence: Geol. will provide as much evidence of the quality as possible. To make customer relax and confident Geol. will also offer test drive service, so the customer can have some practical evidence before buying. Geol. will ask for feedback from customers so we can develop to attract new customers. 6. 7) Processes: The process part of the mix is about being ‘easy to do business with'. Geol. will provide customer with customer help line number which will be easily accessible to the right department to solve their problem.Geol. will also design its website with update technology, which will show the availably or non-availability of the product in particular shops. These advances processes will help Geol. to attract customers because of its ‘easy-to approach' method. 7. SOOT ANALYSIS: weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in business venture. The soot analysis for Geol. SEC is briefly described in table below: Table (AAA) 8. Recommendations: We should go for media advertising to improve brand image by spreading company policies and innovations to our consumer.Advertisement of Geol. through different channel like web, print media etc. Is also necessary. As customer today has become more cynical, time constrained and demanding therefore to deliver real customer satisfaction, our priority at launch is to have a trained representative network. Mostly customers have concerns about customer services, to get market edge we have to make and consistently keep our customer service as good as customer needs and acquirement. Geol. can target new customer through logical appraisal and feedback .We should have to customize our product according to customer desire like fancy styled alloy rims for young customers, diesel engine for customers doing high motorway mileage etc. Geol. should do engine modifications to attract wide range of customers. Geol. should not be market orientated only for capturing the consumer technology and have to do some innovation regarding car specifications like car interior/exterior design in order to compete with other car manufacturers and to capture consumer intentions. We have to widen our range as quickly as possible, probably at least a new model range every year for the next few years. 9.Summary of Days article: the Days article says that business performance depends on the advance skill in understanding the customer which has being generally approved by the marketing researcher who says the impact is high in market orientation on business performance. It is almost axiomatic that through on-going monitoring of customers, their needs, and ma rket conditions, firms adapt to develop and deliver the products and services that are valued by customers by using total quality management (TTS). This behavior, termed market orientation (MO), is now central to marketing thought and practice as a key predictor of firm performance.However, the construct continues to receive critical, largely adverse, commentary from some scholars, Hammer and Parallax (1994) argued that an MO leaves the organization open to the tyranny of the server market in which managers see the world only through their current customers' eyes and develop TTS which does not give positive output. Brother, Hilbert, and Pit (1999) suggested that being market oriented detracts from innovation. The common theme among the criticisms is that businesses pay a penalty or being market oriented.Slater and Nerve (1995) also argued that MO is â€Å"inherently entrepreneurial† because a market-oriented firm is able to anticipate and respond to the latent and emerging ne eds of customers. Mentor, and ?isomer (2002) found that MO mediated the impact of entrepreneurial proclivity on business performance. Although they advance the literature, these studies do not explicitly acknowledge or measure the proactive dimension of MO and thereby fail to respond adequately to the charge that MO is overly responsive However, significant gaps remain in responding to the critics.First, scholars present an overly positive view of responsive and proactive MO they neglect the potential costs associated with each dimension of MO that may diminish firm performance. The responsive and proactive market orientations may influence overall new product program performance through their impacts on incremental and radical innovations, respectively. This suggests that project teams working on product improvements may practice responsive MO, while those working on radical innovations practice proactive market orientation. 0. Summary of â€Å"the new consumer† article: See appendix, page 12. 11. Critical appraisal of recommendations in relation to Days article : In our recommendations we are quite agreed with Days initial statement that customers are very important and the more you know what customers want, the more you are going to do business profitably. And we also recommended that business should relate and regulate its capabilities according to customers demand. But we are not agreed with Days statement of being totally market oriented using TTS.Here we will oriented because it get distracted from innovation and that's why we recommended that Geol. should not be market orientated only for capturing the consumer market UT also should have a look over future aspects and innovations. 12. Relating critical appraisal to the new consumer: As relating new consumer to the recommendation made on the days article, we analyses baker also said that the consumer should be given be given importance as the business environment has been changed now.He said the key challenges facing consumer marketers have been thrown up by the tectonic change that has impacted the macro-marketing environment. In the shift from a production-driven to a consumption-led economy, conventional approaches to consumer marketing are not succeeding in enabling organizations to master the dynamic complexity of the new market place. These key challenges can be summarized as the need to: Address the concern of brand owners and retailers. Embrace the new consumer. Help organizations develop real consumer responsiveness. Lift marketing out of its crisis.

Taylor Swift “Love Story” Analysis

The song â€Å"Love Story† was written and sung by Taylor Swift. It was published on September 12, 2008. Throughout â€Å"Love Story†, Taylor Swift, uses many poetic devices in the narrative in order to make the whole story and lyrics more enhanced as a whole.She creates an allusion comparing her love for a guy and that of Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo and Juliet, they are banned from seeing each other by their parents and they are willing to die in order to be together. Similarly, Taylor recounts the time she was told not to see the man she loved. So in her song, she compares this to Romeo and Juliet.Swift also used metaphors in â€Å"Love Story†. She says, â€Å"Cause you were Romeo, I was a scarlet letter†. She is comparing herself to a scarlet letter but there is also a relation between the scarlet letter and the story of Romeo and Juliet.They both tell the story of true love but they both involve misfortune. Another metaphor in this song is when Swift sa ys, â€Å"That you were Romeo, you were throwing pebbles.† She is comparing the man she loves to Romeo. He was not actually Romeo, but just someone who was calling for her attention and love.Another poetic device Taylor Swift used is imagery. After a flash back to the time she met the man she loves, Swift recalls seeing â€Å"the lights†¦ the party, the ball gowns† and seeing him â€Å"make your way through the crowd and say hello†. Then it is also at the end of the song when he proposes to her she says, â€Å"He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring†.Taylor Swift is able to evoke an image in the imagination of the listener by using descriptive language. Also, the audience members that have been in similar situations are able to connect with the song and the circumstances. Overall, Taylor Swift’s elegant use of poetic devices enhances the lyrics of â€Å"Love Story†.

Free Essays on Politcs In Cities

During the 19th century there was a rapid growth of American cities due to immigration and migration from rural areas. This rise in the population created enormous problems for city governments, which were often unable to provide for the people and lacked any type of structure. In these conditions we begin to see the emergence of political machines, such as Tammany Hall in New York City. These groups were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighborhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls.They were called machines because of their power to get candidates elected and their mechanical like efficiency when doing business. Political machines are local political party organiza tions capable of mobilizing or â€Å"manufacturing† large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. The traditional American political machine consists of three elements: a county committee, which governed the machine; an army of ward and precinct leaders who mobilized and organized support at the neighborhood level; and party loyalists who supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for benefits provided by ward and precinct leaders. The county committee consisted of professional politicians and the party’s top office holders within the county. In some cases, a single leader, called the â€Å"party boss†, would dominate the committee. In the 20th century, individuals such as Kansas City’s Thomas J. Pendergast, Boston’s James Michael Curly, and Chicago’s Richard J. Daily exercised a controlling influence on their city’s political affairs through their command of the county committee. The count y committee’s ... Free Essays on Politcs In Cities Free Essays on Politcs In Cities During the 19th century there was a rapid growth of American cities due to immigration and migration from rural areas. This rise in the population created enormous problems for city governments, which were often unable to provide for the people and lacked any type of structure. In these conditions we begin to see the emergence of political machines, such as Tammany Hall in New York City. These groups were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighborhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls.They were called machines because of their power to get candidates elected and their mechanical like efficiency when doing business. Political machines are local political party organiza tions capable of mobilizing or â€Å"manufacturing† large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. The traditional American political machine consists of three elements: a county committee, which governed the machine; an army of ward and precinct leaders who mobilized and organized support at the neighborhood level; and party loyalists who supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for benefits provided by ward and precinct leaders. The county committee consisted of professional politicians and the party’s top office holders within the county. In some cases, a single leader, called the â€Å"party boss†, would dominate the committee. In the 20th century, individuals such as Kansas City’s Thomas J. Pendergast, Boston’s James Michael Curly, and Chicago’s Richard J. Daily exercised a controlling influence on their city’s political affairs through their command of the county committee. The count y committee’s ...

Can Volunteer Work Help Your Resume

Can Volunteer Work Help Your Resume People who are either in-between jobs or looking to change careers have a lot of work to do when it comes to maintaining or building their resumes. If you’re in-between jobs, you must be engaged in activities that will enhance your resume and show potential employers you are a proactive individual. If you’re looking to change careers, you need to tackle that difficult task of adding experience to your resume when no one will give you the opportunity to do so. The answer to both of these problems is to take on volunteer work. Organizations that hire volunteers are always willing to train people when it comes to new tasks, and they are always grateful to have people with experience working on important projects. There are several other ways that volunteer work can not only help your resume, but also boost your career.It keeps the career fires burning.According to Careerealism.com, volunteer work is a great way to keep your passion for what you do burning brightly. If you are a nurse in-between jobs, then volunteering at the local clinic will remind you how much you enjoy helping others. Anyone looking to change careers can gain a real passion for that new career path by getting involved in volunteer work. Instead of jumping into your new career without really knowing what you are getting into, you can use volunteer work to create a heightened sense of excitement about your new profession.You’ll network with new people.Job hunters who do not volunteer are missing out on an excellent opportunity to network with new industry contacts who  might lead to a new job. According to Monster.com, anyone looking to break into a new career will find the process much easier when they utilize the contacts they make doing volunteer work.Some of the most prominent members of your local corporate community do regular volunteer work, and those prominent professionals are always interested in making contact with new volunteers who show passion and ability. The networking contacts you can make volunteering could significantly boost your resume and put you on the path towards a better career.You can add skills to your resume.One of the biggest benefits of volunteering to boost your resume is the opportunity to add new skills to your professional qualifications. The charitable organization you volunteer for would be more than happy to show you an array of new skills that you can use to create a much more impressive resume. Volunteering also gives you the chance to develop a resume for your career change that would list skills that often take years for people within the industry to learn.Volunteering is not only good for your community; it is also good for your career. The people you can meet, the skills you can acquire, and the experience you can build up through a volunteering position can be invaluable in enhancing your resume, and in making your qualifications stand out to potential new employers.To learn more about volunteering opportun ities and boosting your career, you can sign up with TheJobNetwork today. You will get all of the inside information you need to grow your career and boost your professional qualifications.

Why is bureaucracy's relationship to democracy so conflicted Essay - 1

Why is bureaucracy's relationship to democracy so conflicted - Essay Example There are several laws that are infringed upon by bureaucratic procedures that may be considered high-handed. Both democracy and bureaucracy present unethical properties in the political arrangement. Bureaucracy’s relationship to democracy is so conflicted because of the paradoxical relationship that involves satisfying both the emotional and societal interests. Structural modification has a considerable impact on human interaction and individuality. This is emphasized by George Ritzer, a renowned sociologist who explores the concept of McDonaldization in terms of the cultural context and rational thinking. In his book â€Å"The McDonaldization of society† Ritzer explores how the philosophies of fast-food restaurants define the American culture. In his opinion, McDonalds has a particular pattern of entry into any region that often results in an integrated consumer pattern and the westernization of the culture that is invaded (Ritzer, 1993, 9). The society does not change in a bureaucratic manner as previously suggested by another renowned social theorist, Max Webber. Instead, his theory mostly emphasizes on the repetitive nature of actions by both consumers and McDonald’s workforce. For instance, in terms of service, one is likely to receive the same service in any branch, and the employees are likely to use the same recipe an d perform the same tasks in the preparation of food. In essence, this means that rational systems may create an awkward environment based on bureaucracy. This means that democracy is significantly undermined because of the repetitiveness in actions. There are no alternatives presented to guarantee a bureaucratic environment. According to Ritzer, traditional means of thinking are undermined by the societal concerns promoted by bureaucracy based on social control and productivity. The bureaucracy associated with most decision-making processes mean that there will always be interests that are not satisfied and changes in ideology

How to solve problem of organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to solve problem of organization - Essay Example Personnel may be in the wrong job because they lack the relevant skills required, lack initiative or job hunting skills to find a job that suits their skills or stay in a job considered suitable for them. These issues result in a lot of problems within an organization. Research conducted in Kuwait found that the problem is quite rampant. This paper will examine the proper problem solving mechanisms to tackle the problem of wrongful placement of workforce. Being in the wrong job is damaging to an individual and the organization, as well. The process of solving organizational problems entails five key steps. These include finding the problem, formulating the problem, deciding on the solution, implementing the solution and reviewing the results. After company management identifies and formulates the problem, i.e. the organizational problem of wrongful personnel placement, they should find viable alternatives to counter the issue. While organizations encounter a multitude of problems, the problem of wrongful employee placement causes the most harm to the organization (Smart & Street, 2008). However, it is often the executives that fail to comprehend the impact of a poor performer. It is the colleagues of such an employee who experience the consequences of wrongful personnel placement. This breeds destructive employee drive and loss of productivity. One of the factors that result in wrongful employee placement include loyalty, for instance, when a manager employs a friend making it difficult for the employer to identify the right position for that employee. In addition, after evaluating and formulating the problem, management can solve the problem of employees working in the wrong position by ensuring that hiring is done on a professional rather than personal basis. Employing friends or relatives who are unqualified for a position on the basis of loyalty may damage